UVC LED Glossary
UVC （Ultraviolet C）：
Ultraviolet light with a wavelength range of 100-280nm. UVC has powerful germicidal capabilities, capable of destroying the DNA or RNA structure of microorganisms, rendering them inactive.
UVC LED（Ultraviolet C Light Emitting Diode）：
A Light Emitting Diode manufactured using semiconductor materials (such as AlGaN) that emits light in the 200-280 nm range, primarily used for disinfection and sterilization.
Deep UV LED（Deep Ultraviolet LED）：
A general term referring to UV LEDs with a wavelength below 300 nm, often specifically denoting the UVC band LEDs.
AlGaN（Aluminum Gallium Nitride）：
Aluminum Gallium Nitride compound semiconductor material. It is the core material used to fabricate UVC LED chips; adjusting the proportion of Aluminum (Al) precisely controls the wavelength into the deep UV range.
Full Inorganic Packaging：
A technology using quartz glass and ceramics (inorganic materials) to package UVC LEDs. It significantly enhances the LED's resistance to UV aging and overall reliability, extending its operational lifetime.
Peak Wavelength：
The wavelength at which the LED's light intensity is highest. For UVC LEDs, the ideal germicidal peak wavelength is usually between 265-275 nm, with the optimal germicidal efficiency around 265 nm.
Far-UVC：
Specifically refers to UVC light in the 200-235 nm range (often 222 nm in commercial applications). Due to its shallow penetration depth into human skin and eyes, it is considered relatively safer than conventional UVC.
UVGI（Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation）：
A sterilization technology that utilizes UVC light (typically 254 nm or 265 nm) to disinfect and sterilize air, water, and surfaces.
Microorganism：
Tiny, single-celled or multi-celled organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. They are the target of UVC sterilization.
Germicidal Lamp：
A general description of a UV lamp designed to emit specific wavelengths of radiation that inactivate microorganisms by disrupting their cellular structure.
Mercury Lamp：
Traditional UVC light source. Common low-pressure mercury lamps have a peak wavelength of 254nm. Drawbacks include the presence of elemental mercury (toxic), fragility, and slow start-up, leading to their phase-out by UVC LEDs.
Low-Pressure UV Lamp：
A type of germicidal UV lamp that uses low mercury vapor pressure for UVC disinfection. While highly efficient, it poses a risk of mercury contamination.
Elemental Mercury：
One of the three chemical forms of mercury, often existing as vapor, which is toxic to human health and the environment. It is the core emitting substance in traditional low-pressure UV lamps.
Optical Power：
The total output power of ultraviolet light from the LED, measured in mW (milliwatts). It determines the total energy output of the light source and the sterilization intensity.
Irradiance：
The UV light power per unit area, measured in mW/cm. It is used to assess the disinfection intensity on a given surface.
Dose：
The total exposure of ultraviolet light, measured in mJ/cm (millijoules per square centimeter). It is the determining factor for disinfection effectiveness, calculated as: Dose = Irradiance x Time
Log Reduction：
A metric used to measure sterilization effectiveness. For example, 3-log indicates a 99.9% reduction in the microbial count, while 6-log indicates a 99.9999% reduction, often considered a sterilization level.
UV Transmittance：
The measurement of energy absorbed at a specific wavelength as UV light passes through a solid (e.g., quartz) or a liquid. In water treatment, transmittance is a critical parameter for calculating the required dose.
Flow Rate：
The measurement of water volume passing through a UV disinfection or oxidation system, commonly measured in cubic meters per hour (m³/h) or gallons per minute (GPM). Flow rate impacts the dose required for water disinfection.
HVAC（Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning）：
Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning system. A comprehensive system used to control the indoor environment of a building by regulating temperature, humidity, and air quality. UVC LEDs are often integrated into HVAC ductwork to sterilize circulated air and prevent microbial growth on cooling coils.
HEPA（High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filter）：
A High-Efficiency Particulate Air Filter. Used for air purification, it effectively filters airborne particles (such as PM2.5, pollen, bacteria) down to 0.3um in size. Filtration efficiency typically reaches 99.97% or higher, depending on the grade.
RO（Reverse Osmosis）：
A water purification technology. It uses pressure to force water molecules through a semipermeable membrane with extremely small pores (approx. 0.0001um), removing dissolved solids, heavy metals, inorganic salts, bacteria, and viruses to produce purified water.